Preliminary studies of Bandung City Health System Resilience (case study : Covid-19 pandemic)

The SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2) virus causes the COVID-19 pandemic globally. The city of Bandung is the city that became the cluster of Covid-19 spread after DKI Jakarta at the beginning of the pandemic. In 2019, the Global Health Security Index (GHSI) was developed to assess countries’ readiness to face a pandemic. The index obtained shows that globally the value of this readiness is still minimal. In improving community health system services, health system resilience has been developed and studied in recent years. This study conducted a preliminary evaluation of the Bandung City health system in dealing with the Covid-19 pandemic using the concept of resilience. This research uses the West Java and Bandung City Health Office website. Methods used for evaluating the health system resiliency are comparing the cases of Covid-19 at the sub-district to the health facilities, the incidence of infectious diseases in 2019, and the socio-economic conditions of each sub-district. Research shows that the health system in Bandung City has not met the targets in the 2018-2023 Regional Medium-Term Development Plan. Overall, the initial research on the Bandung City health system still does not meet the criteria for resilience.

Safer destinations, healthier staff and happier tourists: opportunities for inclusive water, sanitation and hygiene in tourism. (Special Issue: Consumer experience management and customer journeys in tourism, hospitality and events.)

Sustainable tourism development, including tourism's COVID-19 recovery, requires a holistic view of environmental and community benefits, including access to water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH). This study presents a system-wide Inclusive WASH in tourism framework for destinations. Using a qualitative approach including interviews and focus groups, the framework is applied at three system scales: hotels, the community and wider destination to assess the current WASH situation in Mandalika, Lombok, Indonesia, a water-scarce destination earmarked for rapid development. Findings highlight differences in Inclusive WASH practices between hotels and communities, the potential for conflict and gendered inequalities. Barriers linked to system elements, structure and the enabling environment are identified. Addressing inequitable planning processes, improving stakeholder engagement and creating tools for hotels to improve Inclusive WASH can contribute to improving destination value. Findings are relevant for practitioners, government and community organisations integrating Sustainable Development Gaols 5 and 6 into tourism development and recovery.